Crises financeiras: causas e efeitos I

Charles Kindleberger 1618-1929 notou que havia uma série de crises financeiras. Para mencionar apenas alguns: as tulipas (1636-1640), as sociedades do Oriente, no século XVIII, as ações da estrada de ferro caiu (século XIX) e da queda menos de duas horas de 75 por cento títulos RCA (25 de outubro de 1929), na década de 30 mais de mil bancos americanos faliram.

Mais recentemente, surpreendentemente, a queda do índice Nasdaq, no decurso de um ano, entre março de 2000, quando o preço das ações da nova economia, caiu em cerca de noventa por cento, a partir de um processo de recessão económica mundo após um período de quase dez anos de crescimento da economia E.U..

O colapso de grandes, médios e pequenos bancos têm um importante significado no campo da teoria econômica do ciclo económico, a concorrência entre os mercados financeiros nacionais e entre as várias regiões do mundo.

As falhas de banco na Tailândia, Indonésia, Coreia do Sul eo Japão teve um custo para o encerramento do FMI para cem bilhões de dólares, os bancos nos países escandinavos, no início dos anos noventa e os da América Latina (México, Argentina Brasil e Venezuela), são os mais importantes na última década do século XX.

No entanto, a falência não deve esquecer as economias e empresas de empréstimo os E.U. durante os anos oitenta, que custam o Federal Reserve System (E.U. banco central, conhecido como Fed), mais de 150 000 milhões, ou o colapso financeiro dos anos trinta, quando mais de mil bancos faliram.

Um estudo das crises bancárias que levam a crise financeira deve ser considerada no processo de desregulamentação e liberalização dos sistemas financeiros nacionais, que envolve a remoção, através de fronteiras, as restrições à concessão ou prestação de serviços financeiros (crédito e investimentos, principalmente).

“A integração financeira que torna impossível dissociar os diversos mercados financeiros e devem ser acompanhadas por uma crescente harmonização dos vários marcos regulatórios financeiros economias capitalistas desenvolvidas, apontando na direção de buscar a fim de garantir e consolidar a integração financeira ea real globalização econômica “

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